Irregular Migration To and From Libya: A Comparative Analytical Study

Abstract

This study rigorously analyzes irregular migration, foregrounding Libya's critical role as a transit hub between Africa and Europe. Employing a robust mixed-methods design, it synthesizes quantitative data from a 200 migrant survey, with qualitative insights from IOM and UNHCR reports. Findings unequivocally identify economic hardship (41%) and armed conflicts (27.5%) as primary migration drivers, complemented by family reunification (20.5%) and political and religious persecution (8.5%). Sudan (28.5%), Niger (24.5%), and Mali (16.5%) emerge as key origin nations, all characterized by profound socioeconomic and security instabilities. Demographically, the migrant cohort predominantly comprises young adults (18-35) exhibiting limited formal education and engaging in precarious, low-skilled labor. The migratory journey is demonstrably perilous, with transportation difficulties (42%) and security threats (26%) being paramount. Critically, the study underscores climate change (e.g., drought, water scarcity) as a significant, yet frequently understated, push factor. A comparative analysis reveals substantial alignment between survey data and international reports regarding core drivers and associated risks. However, the study discerns specific nuanced individual motivations and detailed socioeconomic profiles often less emphasized in broader international assessments. This research advocates for an integrated policy framework, synthesizing macro-level data with granular field insights, to effectively address root causes, safeguard vulnerable populations, and foster sustainable spatial development.