The Lexical Method in Al-Sihah and Al-Qamus Al-Muhit — A Comparative Study in Arrangement, Diacritics, and Explanation

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of Al-Ṣiḥāḥ by Al-Jawharī and Al-Qāmūs Al-Muḥīṭ by Al-Fīrūzābādī, aiming to examine their methodologies in the arrangement of dictionary entries, the vocalization of lexical items, and the explanation of lexical meanings, as well as to identify the similarities and differences between the two dictionaries. The study adopts a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach through the examination, analysis, and comparison of selected lexicographical texts. The findings reveal that Al-Fīrūzābādī followed Al-Jawharī’s method of arranging entries according to the rhyme-based system while developing the presentation of lexical entries through greater brevity and conciseness. The study also shows that both dictionaries share a common concern for accurate vocalization and explanation of lexical meanings. However, Al-Jawharī tends to provide relatively more detailed explanations, whereas Al-Fīrūzābādī favors brevity and economy of expression. The study concludes that Al-Qāmūs Al-Muḥīṭ represents a continuation of the methodology established in Al-Ṣiḥāḥ, while refining the presentation of lexical material in a way that strengthened its position within the Arabic lexicographical tradition.