The use of spectral indicators in analyzing vegetation cover and urban expansion using remote sensing techniques during the period 2014- 2024, with the Sabratha region as a model

Abstract

The study assessed and monitored changes in vegetation cover in the Sabratha region using LANDSAT8 satellite imagery using spectral indices (NDVI-SAVI-RVI-EVI2-NDBI). The study continued to examine the efficiency of using these indices to extract the region's vegetation cover, the convergence of all indices, and the impact of urban intervention on the region's vegetation cover. A significant decline in vegetation cover was observed during the study period, from 2014 to 2024. This decline is not limited to natural conditions alone, but also includes human activity, such as deforestation and the misuse of agricultural land.