Obstacles to physical activity and their relationship to psychological alienation among students with visual impairments

Abstract

The study aimed to explore the relationship between barriers to physical activity and the level of psychological alienation among visually impaired students, recognizing the importance of this relationship for understanding their challenges and promoting their inclusion. The study highlights the significance of addressing this vital issue, where physical health intersects with the psychological well-being of a group often facing marginalization. The study adopted an analytical review methodology (thematic analysis) of academic literature published between 2016 and 2025, which involved analyzing the content of 45 selected studies. Key findings were extracted regarding the main barriers faced by visually impaired students (environmental, institutional, social, psychological), the levels and various dimensions of psychological alienation, and the nature of the correlational relationship between them, in addition to comparing results across different contexts. The indirect sample included visually impaired individuals as reported in the analyzed studies, which utilized descriptive and correlational data analysis methods. The main results revealed a wide range of barriers that limit participation in physical activity, and that visually impaired students often experience relatively high levels of psychological alienation. Crucially, the findings confirmed a significant correlational relationship between these barriers and increased feelings of alienation, while support factors and participation in physical activity contribute to mitigating these emotions. The study recommends a comprehensive approach to addressing these barriers and fostering supportive programs and activities to improve the mental health and social integration of this population.