Defective Verbs, Complete Verbs, and the Term of Pleonasm in the Arabic Sentence

Abstract

Adding verbs in Arabic grammatical structure is very common, and it is essence in Arabic language. This research study the following Verbs: The Defective Verbs: "kāna, aṣbaḥa, aḍḥā, amsā", The Intransitive Complete Verbs: "qāma" (past tense), "idhhab" (imperative). Methodology Followed the descriptive-analytical approach, based on the investigation of various prose texts from the Holy Quran, the noble Prophetic Hadith, the speech of The research was devoted to determining the purpose of the verbs under study: “was ''kāna'', became ''aṣbaḥa'', became ''aḍḥā'', became ''amsā”, The Intransitive Complete Verbs: "qāma" (past tense), "idhhab" (imperative). The researcher followed the descriptive and analytical method, based on investigating various prose texts from: the Holy Qur’an, the Noble Prophetic Hadith, the speech of the Arabs, and poetic evidence related to the study. According to a plan that included: Introduction: It addressed the term augmentation in the Holy Quran, and the scholars’ differences between: a prohibitive doctrine, and another permitting, and the structure of the research, the investigated material required: to be divided - after the introduction - into two sections, each with four demands. The first section - with its four demands - was devoted to speaking about the augmentation of “kāna” in prose, and mentioned its rules: with a brief about its sisters: abrogation, deficiency, and completeness, then its augmentation, and the conditions for that. The second section - with its four demands - was devoted to the augmentation of “kāna” in poetry, in addition to the augmentation of the two complete verbs: “qama, idhhab” in prose and poetry, then the conclusion, and it included the most important results of the research.