سيرة رجال حول الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ( الشيخان ) أبو بكر الصديق وعمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنهما - أنموذجا

Abstract

This research deals with the life of the great men around the Prophet Mohammed, "Peace be upon him". Great men are not just names in history, but they are a representation of exceptional character with great personality, which played a great role in history. The first man of those is the prophet Mohammed, "Peace be upon him", and after him comes Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Omar bin al-Khattab, the two rightly guided Caliphs, "peace be upon them ". The study deals with the period of their lives in Pre-Islamic Era. Namely, the analysis of their historical Religious and political roles in establishing the Arab- Islamic state. The first part deals with the biography of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, "peace be upon them ", during Pre-Islamic Era. It deals with his role in consolidating the foundations of Islam after the death of the prophet Mohammed "Peace be upon him" when he became the Caliph. He faced serious challenges such as fighting the apostates, gathering the holy Quran in one volume and working on military expansion toward lraq and the Levant. The second pare deals with Omar bin al-khattab "Peace be upon him". It discusses his Pre-Islamic life, his conversion to lslam, his support to the Muslims, his accession to the caliphate (13 -23) and the most important challenges he faced and how did he overcome them. The challenges include, compiling the Islamic conquests in lraq, the Levant, Egypt and reaching to Barqa. Furthermore, the research discusses his assassination and his arrangement to choose caliph after his death by senior Muslims. This research concludes that the two shaikhs Abu-bakr al-siddiq and Omar bin al –khattab era represented a basis for the Arab Islamic state and they were two integrated models of Islamic leadership. They assembled wisdom, courage, power, justice and mercy. Their biography remain an inspiration for those who want to learn the meanings of leadership.