Geographical Analysis of Economic Activity in Libya for the Period 1954–2022 AD

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the development of economic activity and labor force participation rates in Libya by gender, and to identify the economic and social factors influencing them. It also examines the economic distribution of the Libyan labor force by gender and age, highlights sectoral shifts and their impact on the labor market, and analyzes the situation of job seekers in terms of number, gender, and age groups. In addition, the study identifies the main challenges facing the labor market and proposes policies to reduce unemployment.

The researcher adopted the descriptive approach to describe the general economic situation, and the analytical approach to analyze economic and financial data related to economic activity rates, the age and gender distribution of the labor force, and the number of job seekers. The study relied on governmental sources and international organizations.

The findings revealed that the Libyan economy depends heavily on oil and gas, making it highly vulnerable to price fluctuations. Unemployment rates remain high, particularly among youth and women. Female labor force participation increased gradually from 7.6% in 1954 to 26.5% in 2022,

while male participation stabilized at around 39%. The actual economic activity rate improved from 43.9% in 1995 to 50.8% in 2012 and 2022. The results also showed a shift in employment distribution toward the service sector, highlighting the need to diversify the economy and strengthen productive sectors.

The study concluded with several recommendations, including supporting productive sectors, developing education and training programs, improving infrastructure, providing a flexible working environment for women, and creating sustainable job opportunities. It also proposed establishing vocational training centers, developing manufacturing and agricultural industries, implementing policies that encourage the private sector, conducting periodic labor market studies, and strengthening partnerships between the government and the private sector.