Pragmatic Analysis in the Book of Forty Hadiths of Nawawi: A Discourse Study

Abstract

This research addresses of deixis as one of the most important topics in pragmatic studies, through an applied study of a highly significant religious heritage text, namely the book Al-Arba'in al-Nawawiyya (The Forty Hadiths of al-Nawawi). The study seeks to answer key questions concerning the types of deictic expressions found in the hadith text, their pragmatic functions, and their role in achieving textual cohesion and serving the communicative purposes of the Prophetic discourse.
The research adopted the descriptive-analytical method, based on surveying the hadith texts and extracting the deictic expressions within them, then analyzing them pragmatically in light of modern linguistic theories. The study consists of two sections: a theoretical section presenting the concepts of pragmatics and deixis along with its five types (personal, temporal, spatial, discourse, and social deixis), and an applied section in which these concepts were applied to selected models from the forty hadiths. The study concluded that the hadith text is built upon a coherent deictic system, in which deixis transcends its direct linguistic function to serve a pragmatic function that supports the legislative and educational purposes of the hadith.